An international academic forum bringing cardiologists and physicians together in Baku to explore the link between diabetes and heart disease, from the management of heart failure to cardio-renal protection with SGLT2 inhibitors.
People living with type 2 diabetes face a markedly higher risk of heart disease, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. These conditions share mechanisms, reinforce each other and, increasingly, share treatments.
DiaHeart Connect Forum brings cardiologists and physicians together at Baku Medical Plaza to look at this connection through a clinical lens: the modern medical management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and how SGLT2 inhibitors evolved from glucose-lowering drugs into a cornerstone of cardio-renal protection.
The academic programme features an international faculty from Azerbaijan and Pakistan, with focused lectures followed by open discussion.
Dates
12–14 Nov 2026
Three-day forum
Main session
Sat 14 Nov
10:00 – 12:10 · UTC+4
Venue
Baku Medical Plaza
Baku, Azerbaijan · tap for map
Faculty
Azerbaijan · Pakistan
International speakers
Format
Lectures + Q&A
Two keynote lectures
Audience
Cardiologists & physicians
Healthcare professionals
Why it matters
A global burden, closely linked
17.9M
Cardiovascular deaths
Deaths from cardiovascular disease worldwide in 2019, the leading cause of death globally.
Source · WHO
589M
Adults with diabetes
Adults aged 20–79 living with diabetes, with over 250 million undiagnosed.
Source · IDF Diabetes Atlas 2025
2–4×
Higher heart disease risk
Adults with diabetes are two to four times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.
Diabetes & cardiovascular risk
64M
Living with heart failure
People estimated to be living with heart failure worldwide.
Source · GBD 2017
The Heart · a short guide
Understanding the heart and what threatens it
01 / 08
How the heart works
The heart is a muscular pump with four chambers. The right side sends blood to the lungs to collect oxygen; the left side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the whole body. Each beat is triggered by an electrical signal from the heart's natural pacemaker.
Beats about 100,000 times a day, moving roughly 7,000 litres of blood.
02 / 08
Coronary artery disease
Fatty plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries that feed the heart muscle (atherosclerosis), narrowing them and limiting blood flow. It can cause chest pain on exertion (angina) and is the most common cause of heart attacks.
Key risks: smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, cholesterol.
03 / 08
Heart attack
A heart attack (myocardial infarction) happens when a coronary artery becomes suddenly blocked, usually by a blood clot on a ruptured plaque. Without blood flow, the heart muscle begins to die within minutes.
Time is muscle. Call 103 immediately if you suspect one.
04 / 08
Heart failure
The heart cannot pump or fill well enough to meet the body's needs, causing breathlessness, fatigue and fluid retention. It is classified by ejection fraction (EF), the share of blood pumped out with each beat.
HFrEF
≤40%
HFmrEF
41–49%
HFpEF
≥50%
Reduced, mildly reduced and preserved EF.
05 / 08
Diabetes and the heart
Persistently high blood glucose damages blood vessels and nerves, accelerates atherosclerosis and can directly affect heart muscle. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in people with type 2 diabetes.
Risk of heart disease is 2–4× higher with diabetes.
06 / 08
The cardio-renal link
Heart and kidneys depend on each other. A weak heart reduces kidney perfusion; failing kidneys cause fluid and salt overload that strains the heart. Diabetes damages both, creating the cardio-renal-metabolic cycle.
SGLT2 inhibitors protect both heart and kidneys.
07 / 08
High blood pressure
Hypertension forces the heart to work harder and stiffens arteries over time, raising the risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure and kidney disease. It usually causes no symptoms, so regular checks matter.
Office readings of ≥140/90 mmHg define hypertension (ESC).
08 / 08
Atrial fibrillation
The most common sustained heart rhythm disorder: the upper chambers beat chaotically, causing an irregular, often fast pulse. Blood can pool and clot, so AF markedly increases the risk of stroke.
Symptoms include palpitations, breathlessness, fatigue, or none at all.
← Swipe to explore →
Know the signs
Heart attack warning signs
Symptoms can be sudden or build up over minutes. Women, older adults and people with diabetes may have milder or atypical symptoms.
Chest pain or pressure
Tightness, squeezing or heaviness in the centre of the chest.
Spreading pain
Pain moving to the arm, jaw, neck or back.
Breathlessness
Shortness of breath, with or without chest discomfort.
Cold sweat
Sudden clammy, cold sweating.
Nausea
Feeling sick, vomiting or indigestion-like discomfort.
Dizziness
Light-headedness or feeling faint.
Emergency
Act fast. Call for help immediately.
Do not wait to see if symptoms pass, and do not drive yourself to hospital.
Four drug classes, each proven to reduce death and hospitalisation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, are recommended for every eligible patient.
Heart failure with reduced EF · guideline-directed therapy
01Class I
ARNI / ACE-I
Sacubitril/valsartan, or an ACE inhibitor
Blocks the renin–angiotensin system; ARNI also boosts protective natriuretic peptides.
02Class I
Beta-blockers
Bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol succinate
Slow the heart and shield it from the harmful effects of adrenaline.
03Class I
MRA
Spironolactone, eplerenone
Block aldosterone, reducing fibrosis, salt and fluid retention.
04Class I
SGLT2 inhibitors
Dapagliflozin, empagliflozin
Glucose and sodium leave in the urine, unloading the heart and kidneys.
All four carry a Class I recommendation in HFrEF (ESC 2021).
How it works
Blocking SGLT2 in the kidney
SGLT2 reabsorbs about 90% of the glucose the kidneys filter. Blocking it sends glucose and sodium out in the urine, and the benefits reach far beyond blood sugar.
Lower glucoseCalories and glucose lost in urine, with low hypoglycaemia risk.
Less congestionNatriuresis and mild diuresis ease load on the heart and lower BP.
Kidney protectionRestored tubuloglomerular feedback lowers pressure in the glomerulus.
Consultant Interventional Cardiologist, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi. Fellowship in Interventional Cardiology. MBBS, FCPS (Cardiology).
Karachi, Pakistan
AK
Host & moderator
Mr. Ather Ali Khan
Hosts the session, delivers the welcome and closing remarks, and moderates the Q&A.
Opening · Q&A · Closing
MA
Recitation
Mr. M Afzal
Opens the academic session with a recitation.
10:00 – 10:05
Dr. Shahana Alasgarli · profile
Career & achievements
2026
Admitted to doctoral (PhD) studiesAzerbaijan Medical University, accepted on a state-funded place (23 September 2026) after passing the specialty and philosophy examinations.
2026
Featured speaker, DiaHeart Connect ForumLecture: From Glucose to Cardio-Renal Protection: The SGLT2 Revolution, Baku Medical Plaza.
Role
Head of the Cardiology DepartmentYeni Klinika, Baku. Interventional cardiologist.
FESC
Fellow of the European Society of CardiologyRecognition of professional contribution to cardiology in Europe.
FHFA
Fellow of the Heart Failure AssociationHeart Failure Association of the ESC.